Behaviorism, Kognitivism, Constructivism of Learning theory..

According to the expert of Behaviorism, Kognitivism, Constructivism of Learning theory..

First about Behaviorism in Learning

Behaviorism is a worldview that assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli. The learner starts off as a clean slate (i.e. tabula rasa) and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the antecedent behavior will happen again. In contrast, punishment (both positive and negative) decreases the likelihood that the antecedent behavior will happen again. Positive indicates the application of a stimulus; Negative indicates the withholding of a stimulus. Learning is therefore defined as a change in behavior in the learner. Lots of (early) behaviorist work was done with animals (e.g. Pavlov’s dogs) and generalized to humans.

Behaviorism precedes the cognitivist worldview. It rejects structuralism and is an extension of Logical Positivism.

So, Behaviorism in learning is the learners are exactly passive.they'll be active by stimulating the phenomena in the life around them, it also created by habitual of the learning itself, regular to happen. For example: we threat the dog in the morning to have the feed, so the next morning the dog will be waiting for the feed at that time. So, it means dog is threated to be. So, behaviorism here has the meaning to habitual action.yeah, learning by habitual action.

Second : Kognitivism in learning that Cognitive theory or approach views the learner as a thinking being and an active processor of information. Thus, learning is a process in which the learner actively tries to analyze the situations where the application of the rule would be appropriate and to make sense of data. In other words, we learn by thinking about and trying to make sense of what we see, hear and feel.  In order to get a clear picture of the cognitive theory in relation to second language learning, other related theories were also described briefly from the historical points of view. In general cognitivism can be grouped under the innatist model which is also known as ‘nativist’. ‘mentalism’ (thinking as rule-governed activity), ‘rationalism’.  The implications of cognitive theories can be revealed  in the basic teaching techniques which cover activities such as problem-based solving activity, discovery learning, cognitive strategies, project-based learning, etc.

third.

So, Constructivism in learning  happen when the students are learning by doing and practising about everyting they have got. So I come to the conclusion about those three theorie is they related to each other that can be divided by one and another part.If this case happen, automatically the learning process can not be realised well.